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\title{Debian, for the elderly} \author{Georges Khaznadar
  $<$\texttt{georgesk@debian.org}$>$} \institute{Lycée Jean Bart -- association: AFUL -- association: APRIL -- association: OFSET -- Debian Developer}
\date{June 2018}
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\begin{document} 

\begin{frame} \titlepage
\end{frame}

\begin{frame} \frametitle{Table of contents}
      \tableofcontents 
\end{frame}
\section{O TEMPORA O MORES}
\subsection{The past}
\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Oh the times! Oh the customs!}
  \begin{tabular}{p{0.3\textwidth}p{0.6\textwidth}}
    \img[width=0.3\textwidth]{img/Cicero_-_Musei_Capitolini}
    &Cicero was born in Italy in year (-106).\par He was aged 63
      when he died. All students who learned Latin knew his prose.
      \par~\par \emph{O TEMPORA O MORES} was his expression, to deplore
      the viciousness and corruption of his age (speaking about younger
      people, of course).
      \par~\par As reported by \HREF{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_tempora_o_mores!}{en.wikipedia.org},
      many elderly people used the same words, to speak about
      insolent youngsters, when those had some power.
  \end{tabular}
\end{frame}
\subsection{The present}
\begin{frame} \frametitle{Is old the new young?}
\definecolor{darkblue}{RGB}{20,20,200}
\setlength{\unitlength}{\textwidth}
\begin{picture}(0,0)
  \put(0.24,-0.35){\img[width=0.45\textwidth]{img/china_2015}}
  \put(-0.07,0.27){\textcolor{darkblue}{
      \Large{\textbf{In some countries, elderly people become numerous}}
    }}
  \put(-0.07,0){\small{\HREF{http://www.china-profile.com/data/ani_ceu_pop.htm}{www.china-profile.com}}}
\end{picture}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}\frametitle{Age and gender profile of developers?}
  Here are results gathered by \HREF{https://insights.stackoverflow.com/survey/2015}{stackoverflow.com} three years ago. The responses are biased by
  some factors which are discussed in the introduction of the \HREF{https://insights.stackoverflow.com/survey/2015}{article}.

  \begin{tabular}{p{0.45\textwidth}p{0.45\textwidth}}
    \img[width=0.4\textwidth]{img/developers-pyramid}
    &
    \img[width=0.4\textwidth]{img/developers-gender}
  \end{tabular}
\end{frame}
\subsection{Future}
\begin{frame}\frametitle{Age matters: do you know how?}
  As far as I could predict, I am twice as old as the attendance of
  the present speech. I was born in the fifties, you were born in the
  eighties or nineties, don't you?

  However, as a teacher in a public school, I have some knowledge about
  people younger than you. 

  \begin{itemize}[<+-| alert@+>]
  \item Beware!
  \item You were insolent youngsters ...
  \item They are worse!
  \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\section{Elderly people, scrutinized by an insider}
\subsection{About the author}
\begin{frame}\frametitle{A teacher, not yet retired}
  \img[width=0.9\textwidth]{img/seance1/film7_animateur}
\end{frame}
\subsection{Fifties against nineties}
\begin{frame}\frametitle{Fifties VS nineties}
  I apologize in advance: when I prepared my talk, I decided to write it
  for some ``average'' attendee. But, are you an ``average'' attendee?

  If you were born in the nineties, I was already forty. My world had
  changed a lot since my birth date, but we still share much in common.

  \begin{itemize}[<+->]
  \item The first computer I saw was ``nowhere'': just a punch card reader, and
    a noisy printer, responsive after a few minutes. It was in
    \emph{École Normale Supérieure} and I was postgraduate.
  \item  The first computer you saw was probably ``there'', maybe in
    front of your parents, at home.
    Maybe they were playing with joysticks, did they?
  \item However at that time, phones were just ... phones.
  \end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}\frametitle{Fifties VS nineties}
  A few obvious differences:
  \begin{itemize}[<+->]
  \item People born in the fifties are less fluent with smartphones
  \item People born in the fifties often ask for detailed explanations
  \item People born in the fifties have often known a single job
  \item People born in the fifties have often been shorter in schools
  \item People born in the fifties have known dangerous diseases in their childhood
  \item People born in the fifties are more than sixty years old. Can you imagine that you may reach such an age?
  \item Active people born in the fifties are often women.
  \end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\subsection{Club \emph{Les Libertés Numériques}}
\begin{frame}\frametitle{Les Libertés Numériques : Digital Freedoms}
  I shall talk you a short while about a club of old timers, named
  ``Les Libertés Numériques'', which has met a few times from last March,
  once a month. My purpose, which I explained thoroughly to members, was
  to introduce them to new techniques in computer science, with Debian,
  while exploring how we can protect our privacy, and how far the
  smartphones and laptops are invading our life.

  Some reports and a time schedule are available in the French website
  \HREF{https://citoyenne.freeduc.science}{citoyenne.freeduc.science}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}\frametitle{First meeting: NOTHING TO HIDE}
  \begin{wrapfigure}{L}{0.3\textwidth} 
    \img[width=0.27\textwidth]{img/nothing-to-hide}
  \end{wrapfigure}
  The first meeting was dedicated to Marc Meillassoux' excellent film
  ``NOTHING TO HIDE''. A young German artist agrees with a group of hackers
  to allow an application on his phone, which has ``ordinary access
  permissions'' to his private data, like geolocalization, and metadata
  about communications.

  \uncover<2->{\textcolor{blue}{
    The attendance was most captivated by some testimonials of people
    who had lived in totalitarian areas of Europe, and comparisons between
    the work made by the STASI, the East-German secret police, and the
    level of details which GAFAM companies can access nowadays.}
    }
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}\frametitle{Further meetings: Firefox and the privacy}
  As announced during the presentation of the film ``NOTHING TO HIDE'',
  the club was invited to install Firefox on each own laptop, and plugins
  to enhance the privacy or learn more about it, like \textbf{UBlock Origin}
  and \textbf{LightBeam}.

  \uncover<2->{
    As a matter of fact, the website \HREF{https://www.laposte.fr}{laposte.fr}
    of the French Post, which is supposed to be tightly controlled by our
    government, exposes any citizen to no less than 8 ``spying'' websites when
    accessed without caution.
  }
  
  \uncover<3->{It is interesting to verify that the same is not true for
    the German Post's \HREF{https://www.deutschepost.de}{website}, which
    is quite clean from that point of view.
  }

  \uncover<4->{\textcolor{blue}{What about other national posts?}
    }
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}\frametitle{Further meetings: Firefox and the privacy}
  Then another question arises:

  \Large \alert{Is my computer spying me?}\normalsize

  The discussion comes on the possible or impossible verification of software,
  and on prominent features of Free Software.

  As announced previously, I proposed to sell USB live sticks with a
  Debian system to run in nomadic mode on computers, or to get empty
  sticks were I copy the same system for the next session.

  Those live systems are based on Debian/Knoppix, with remastered contents,
  which are available at the website \HREF{https://usb.freeduc.org}{usb.freeduc.org}.
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}\frametitle{Further meetings: Firefox and the privacy}
    \img[width=0.9\textwidth]{img/seance2/groupes4}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}\frametitle{Further meetings: Firefox and the privacy}
    \img[width=0.9\textwidth]{img/seance2/groupes1}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}\frametitle{Further meetings: Firefox and the privacy}
    \img[width=0.9\textwidth]{img/seance2/groupes2}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}\frametitle{Further meetings: WebRTC VS Skype}
  When they have access to a high bandwidth, old people love video meetings
  with children and grandchildren.

  \uncover<2->{
    The third meeting was dedicated to demonstrations of WebRTC, and
    discussions about the privacy of the video communication and of
    metadata exchanged before its startup.

    Another big point of the club's discussion was about subtle tricks
    sometimes necessary to be able to run a system other than Windows on
    one's computer, and the level of ``protection'' which has been built
    to protect Microsoft against customers' freedom.
  }
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}\frametitle{Further meetings: WebRTC VS Skype}

  As a temporary conclusion, we found that WebRTC is fine because
  it's already built inside our web browser, and that some more testing
  was necessary: the bandwidth between the meeting room and Internet was
  rather tight, and even inside the local network, there were
  bottlenecks.
  
  The most satisfactory was to discover that WebRTC was really
  agnostic about operating systems, and allowed an equal quality of
  communication, for example between a computer running Debian Knoppix
  and another running Windows, etc.
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}\frametitle{Further meetings: WebRTC VS Skype}
    \img[width=0.9\textwidth]{img/seance3/groupe5}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}\frametitle{Further meetings: WebRTC VS Skype}
    \img[width=0.9\textwidth]{img/seance3/groupe8}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}\frametitle{Further meetings: WebRTC VS Skype}
    \img[width=0.9\textwidth]{img/seance3/groupe1}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}\frametitle{Further meetings: WebRTC VS Skype}
    \img[width=0.9\textwidth]{img/seance3/groupe2}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}\frametitle{A conclusion}
  \begin{itemize}[<+-| alert@+>]
  \item Debian/Knoppix is well accepted by elderly people, provided they
    can be helped to overcome Microsoft's built-in protections
  \item The members of the club asked me more questions than young students usually do, and the questions were often wiser
  \item If you have watched the photos carefully, you probably noticed that old people are using paper and pencils
  \item I noticed that the members of the club were rather poorly impressed by bleeding-edge hardware, and rather proud when they could keep ``old'' machines working
  \item I got much more relevant questions from attendees when they were related to the film ``NOTHING TO HIDE'', and about privacy, than about difficulties about the user interface
  \end{itemize}
  \uncover<6->{
    Old people, like everybody, profoundly need to give sense to their practice.
    
    They do understand that freedom matters, and how well-chosen software
    can help their freedom.
  }
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}\frametitle{A conclusion}
  \Huge{Questions?}
\end{frame}  
\section{Credits}
\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Credits}
  \imgref{img/Cicero_-_Musei_Capitolini} \licenceCcBySa by Glauco92, see \HREF{https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cicero_-_Musei_Capitolini.JPG}{commons.wikimedia.org}.
  \\
  \imgref{img/china_2015} \licenceInconnue
  \\
  \imgref{img/developers-pyramid} \licenceCcBySa by the author
  \\
  \imgref{img/developers-gender} \licenceCcBySa by the author
  \\
  \imgref{img/seance1/film7_animateur} \licenceCcBySa by Éric Delesalle
  \\
  \imgref{img/nothing-to-hide} \licenceCcBySa by Marc Meillassoux
  \\
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Credits}
  \imgref{img/seance1/film2} \licenceCcBySa by Éric Delesalle
  \\
  \imgref{img/seance1/film5_animateur} \licenceCcBySa by Éric Delesalle
  \\
  \imgref{img/seance2/groupes4} \licenceCcBySa by Éric Delesalle
  \\
  \imgref{img/seance2/groupes1} \licenceCcBySa by Éric Delesalle
  \\
  \imgref{img/seance2/groupes2} \licenceCcBySa by Éric Delesalle
  \\
  \imgref{img/seance3/groupe5} \licenceCcBySa by Éric Delesalle
  \\
  \imgref{img/seance3/groupe8} \licenceCcBySa by Éric Delesalle
  \\
  \imgref{img/seance3/groupe1} \licenceCcBySa by Éric Delesalle
  \\
  \imgref{img/seance3/groupe2} \licenceCcBySa by Éric Delesalle
  \\
  \vspace{1em}
  Slideshow's \licenceCcBySa by Georges Khaznadar
\end{frame}
\end{document}